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https://www.nytimes.com/1971/11/18/a...one-level.html

Homosexuality Linked to Hormone Level [New York Times]

Researchers at the Masters and Johnson sex research institute in St. Louis have found thatyoung men who are predominantly or exclusively homosexual generally have lower levels of the male sex hormone testosterone in their blood than do young heterosexual men.

The scientists said it could not be determined from the findings whether the hormone differences were a cause or an effect of homosexuality.

But, they agreed, the finding adds strong new evidence to small but growing body of recent research challenging the traditional view that sexual orientation is a purely social and psychological matter.

Until recent improvements in biochemical assay methods, repeated attempts to find physio logical differences between heterosexuals and homosexuals failed. Now, however, a few differences are coming to light.

The latest report, which appears in the current issue of The New England Journal of Medicine, is by Dr. Robert C. Kolodny, Julie Hendryx, and Dr. Gelson Toro, all of the Re productive Biology Research Foundation. Dr. William H. Masters, director of the St. Louis‐based foundation, also contributed to the research.

Comparison of Samplings

The findings are based on sample of 30 male homosexual college students who were interviewed and classified ac cording to a standard scale of the degree of homosexuality devised years ago by a pioneer sex researcher, Alfred Kinsey. They were compared with findings in a group of 50 hetero sexual males of the same age.

The homosexuals were rated according to the following five‐ group Kinsey scale system:

¶Predominantly heterosexual but more than Incidentally homosexual

¶Equally hetero‐ and homo sexual

¶Predominantly homosexual but more than incidentally heterosexual

¶Predominantiy homosexual but only incidentally hetero sexual

¶Exclusively homosexual.

The average concentration of testosterone in the blood of the heterosexuals was found to be 689‐billionth of a gram per 100 cubic centimeters of blood.

By comparison, men who were judged to have been exclusively homosexual through out their lives had an average of about 40 per cent as much testosterone in their blood. Men who were predominantly homosexual but who had incidental heterosexual experiences had hormone levels about 54 per cent of the heterosexual average.

Dr. Kolodny said these differences were large enough to be statistically significant.

A number of the homosexuals whose sex lives were less consistently„ homosexual had slightly lower than normal testosterone levels but the differences were not large enough to be significant. These groups included men who, though pre dominantly homosexual, had some continuing heterosexual relations and men whose orientation was equally strong in both directions.

Nine of the 15 homosexuals in the two most extreme groups also had below‐normal sperm counts. Of the nine, four were totally unable to pro duce sperm.

“I think these findings clearly show that we can no longer think of homosexuality as purely a behavioral condition,” Dr. Kolodny said. “If our work is confirmed by other researchers, then I think we can begin to look at homosexuality from a much stronger scientific basis than we have had.”

Both Dr. Kolodny and Dr. Masters emphasized in an interview that their findings did not mean that hormone im balances cause homosexuality. It may be, they said that homosexual behavior in some way causes changes in hormone level.

They also noted that past attempts to “cure” homosexuality by administering testosterone had only increased the sex drive of the patient, not changed its direction. The hormone has the same effect on heterosexuals.

In the last year a handful of other studies have also turned up hormonal differences between homosexuals and heterosexuals.

Notable among them were British report last November that hormonal differences were detected in tae urine of three male and four female homosexuals, and a Los Angeles study last April showing subtle differences in the breakdown products of testosterone in urine of 14 homosexuals.

Although some researchers frankly concede that they are working on the hypothesis that there is a chemical cause of homosexuality, a theory advanced as far back as 1892 by the German psychiatrist Richard von Krafft‐Ebing, Dr. Masters said:

“We're not suggesting this is a cause [of homosexuality], and we're not presenting cure.”

Dr. Masters said his research foundation considered homo sexuality to be “a natural sexual function.” He said the foundation's clinic has treated both homosexuals who wanted “to convert” to heterosexuality and homosexuals who wanted to achieve satisfactory homosexual relations.

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